Split system air conditioning is widespread for residential and commercial properties in Australia. These systems are known for their efficiency and flexibility, making them a preferred choice for cooling and heating individual rooms or specific areas.
Understanding split system air conditioning is essential when selecting an air con for your home or business. You want to know:
- How these systems work
- Their benefits
- Limitations
This helps you choose the best option that meets your needs.
In this article, we’ll answer the question: “What is split system air conditioning?” We’ll cover split system pros and cons, how much installation costs and more.
We’ll help you make an informed decision about split system air con.
Jump to:
What is Split System Air Conditioning?
How Does Split System Air Conditioning Work?
What are the Different Types of Split Systems?
Pros and Cons of Split System Air Con
Do Split Systems Cool and Heat?
What Size Split System Air Conditioner Do I Need?
How Much Does It Cost to Install a Split System Air Con?
Are Split Systems Easy to Install?
How Long Do Split System Air Conditioners Last?
How to Clean a Split System Air Conditioner
What’s the Difference Between Split System and Ducted Air Conditioning?
Conclusion
What is Split System Air Conditioning?
A split system air conditioner is designed to cool or heat individual rooms or specific areas within a building. It’s called a “split” system because it has two main components: an indoor unit and an outdoor unit.
The indoor unit contains the evaporator coil and fan. These are responsible for blowing cool or warm air into the room.
The indoor unit is usually mounted on a wall inside the room that needs to be cooled or heated. This system absorbs the heat from the indoor air and transfers it to the outdoor unit.
The outdoor unit houses the compressor and condenser coil. It is installed outside the building and releases the absorbed heat into the outside air.
The outdoor unit is connected to the indoor unit by refrigerant pipes. These carry the refrigerant between the two units to facilitate cooling or heating.
Together, these components efficiently regulate the temperature in a specific area. Split systems offer flexibility, making them a popular choice for homes and businesses in Australia.
How Does Split System Air Conditioning Work?
A split system air conditioner uses “the refrigerant cycle” to transfer heat between the indoor and outdoor environments. This cycle allows the system to cool or heat a room efficiently.
Refrigerant Cycle
The refrigerant cycle is the core process behind a split system air conditioner. It begins with the refrigerant, a special fluid that can easily change between liquid and gas states.
The cycle has four main stages:
- Evaporation: The refrigerant in the indoor unit absorbs heat from the room’s air, causing it to evaporate and turn into a gas. This process cools the air, which is then blown back into the room by the indoor unit’s fan.
- Compression: The now gaseous refrigerant is sent to the outdoor unit where it gets compressed by the compressor. Compressing the gas increases its temperature and pressure.
- Condensation: The hot, high-pressure gas moves through the condenser coil in the outdoor unit. As the outdoor fan blows air over the coil, the refrigerant releases its heat to the outside environment and condenses back into a liquid.
- Expansion: The liquid refrigerant is then sent through an expansion valve. Here, it drops in pressure and cools down, ready to absorb more heat from the indoor air.
Heat Transfer Between Indoor and Outdoor Environments
The split system air conditioner uses this refrigerant cycle to transfer heat. In cooling mode, it absorbs heat inside the room and releases it outside.
In heating mode (reverse cycle), the process is reversed. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the outside air and releases it inside to warm the room.
This efficient heat exchange makes split systems effective for cooling and heating, depending on the settings and the time of year.
What are the Different Types of Split Systems?
Split system air conditioners come in various types, each designed to suit different needs and spaces. Here’s an overview of the main types:
Wall-Mounted Split Systems
Wall-mounted split systems are the most common type of split system air conditioners. The indoor unit is mounted on a wall inside the room, making it ideal for residential and commercial spaces.
They’re popular due to:
- Ease of installation
- Efficiency
- Relatively low cost
These units are typically used to cool or heat single rooms or open-plan areas.
Multi-Split Systems
Multi-split systems allow you to connect multiple indoor units to a single outdoor unit. This setup is ideal for homes or offices with several rooms that need individual climate control.
You can control each indoor unit separately. This makes it a flexible option for cooling or heating different areas without needing multiple outdoor units. Multi-split systems are beneficial for buildings with limited outdoor space for more units.
Cassette Split Systems
Cassette split systems are designed to be installed in the ceiling, with only the grille visible. These units are popular in commercial settings, such as offices, due to their discreet appearance and ability to distribute air evenly across large areas.
Cassette units are a great option when wall space is limited. They provide powerful cooling and heating for larger rooms.
Floor-Mounted Split Systems
Floor-mounted split systems are installed at floor level. This makes them ideal for rooms with low ceilings. These systems are also handy in spaces where wall installation isn’t possible, such as attics or areas with limited wall space.
Pros and Cons of Split System Air Con
Pros of Split Systems
Energy Efficiency
Split system air conditioners are energy efficient. Many models use inverter technology, which adjusts the compressor speed based on the cooling or heating demand. This means the system only uses the energy it needs, reducing electricity consumption and lowering your energy bills.
Quiet Operation
Split systems are known for their quiet operation. The indoor units are designed to be as unobtrusive as possible.
Most of the noise-generating components are in the outdoor unit. This makes them ideal for bedrooms, living areas and offices.
Flexibility in Installation
Split systems offer installation flexibility. They don’t require ductwork, making them easier and less invasive to install than ducted systems.
The indoor units can be mounted on walls, floors or ceilings. This provides options to suit different room layouts.
Cost Effective
With split systems, you get a cost-effective air conditioning solution. They’re cheaper to install than ducted systems, so you save money on the upfront cost.
Cons of Split Systems
Aesthetic Impact Due to Visible Indoor Unit
One downside of split systems is the aesthetic impact of the indoor unit, which is visible inside the room. Although generally designed to be sleek and discreet, the indoor unit is still noticeable.
This can affect the room’s decor, especially in spaces where you desire a more seamless look.
Weighing these pros and cons helps you decide if a split system air conditioner is the right choice for your home or office.
Do Split Systems Cool and Heat?
Yes, split systems can cool and heat your home, making them versatile for year-round comfort. This dual functionality is achieved through reverse cycle technology.
Reverse Cycle Technology for Heating
Reverse cycle technology allows split system air conditioners to operate in both cooling and heating modes. In cooling mode, the system absorbs heat inside the room and expels it outside, effectively lowering the indoor temperature.
In heating mode, the process is reversed. The system extracts heat from the outside air – even in cold weather – and transfers it indoors to warm the space.
This technology makes split systems an efficient option for heating, as it utilises the existing mechanism to provide warmth without needing a separate heating system.
Energy Efficiency in Different Modes
Split systems are energy efficient in cooling and heating modes. In cooling mode, the system uses less energy by only operating the compressor when needed, thanks to inverter technology.
In heating mode, reverse cycle split systems are more energy-efficient than traditional electric heaters. Because they use less electricity to generate the same amount of heat.
This efficiency makes them a cost-effective solution for maintaining a comfortable indoor climate throughout the year.
Overall, split system air conditioners offer a practical and efficient solution for cooling and heating. They provide year-round comfort while keeping energy costs manageable.
What Size Split System Air Conditioner Do I Need?
Selecting and installing the right size split system air conditioner is crucial for comfort and energy efficiency. Here are the key factors to consider when determining the appropriate size for your needs:
Room Size
The size of the room is the most important factor in choosing the right split system air conditioner. Larger rooms require units with higher cooling and heating capacities, measured in kilowatts (kW), to maintain a comfortable temperature.
As a general guide:
- A small room (up to 20 square metres) typically needs a unit with a capacity of about 2.0kW to 3.5kW.
- A medium-sized room (20 to 40 square metres) might require a 3.5kW to 6kW unit.
- A large room (40 to 60 square metres) may need a unit with 6kW to 9kW or more.
Insulation
The level of insulation in your home also affects the size of the air conditioner you need. Well-insulated rooms retain cool air in summer and warm air in winter, reducing the load on the air conditioning system.
Poor insulation, on the other hand, requires a more powerful unit to maintain the desired temperature.
Climate
The local climate plays a significant role in determining the right size for your split system air conditioner. In hotter regions, such as Queensland, you may need a larger capacity unit to cope with the heat and humidity.
Conversely, in cooler areas, a smaller unit may suffice for cooling needs, but ensure the heating capacity is adequate for winter conditions.
Importance of Proper Sizing
Choosing the right size split system air conditioner is essential for efficiency and comfort. An undersized unit will struggle to cool or heat your room adequately. This leads to increased energy consumption and wears on the system as it runs continuously to reach the set temperature.
On the other hand, an oversized unit may cool or heat the room too quickly. This leads to short cycling, which reduces efficiency and can cause temperature fluctuations.
Properly sizing your air conditioner ensures that it operates efficiently, maintains a consistent temperature and minimises energy costs. It also extends the lifespan by preventing overwork and unnecessary strain.
For the best results, consult with the experts at Russell Air. We’ll assess your unique needs and recommend the appropriate size.
How Much Does It Cost to Install a Split System Air Con?
Installing a split system air conditioner generally costs around $1650 to $4200, including supply and installation costs. Prices can vary across brands, such as:
These are popular options in Brisbane, with their efficient and compact designs. They’re perfect for those looking for energy-efficient options at reasonable prices.
Factors Affecting Split System Installation Costs
Certain factors affect the cost of installing a split system air con in your home or office space.
Size of the System
The size of the split system impacts the cost. For example, a 2.0 kW system is cheaper than a 9.0 kW version.
Reputable professionals like Russell Air will help you choose the correct size so you don’t pay more than you need to. There’s no point buying a 9.0 kW system for a smaller bedroom in an apartment when a 2.0 kW one could do the job.
Location
Your home’s location may affect split system installation costs. For instance, living within three kilometres of the coast can impact the price.
Salt air can corrode components in your air conditioner. So, systems often have a protective coating to stop corrosion and system breakdowns. This protection can add to the costs.
Complexity of Work
Depending on the situation, the complexity of the work can add to the installation cost. Technicians may need extra wiring and piping to install the split system.
This work may require more time and labour, impacting costs. Companies should always assess this first and include these costs in their quotes.
Building Size
The number of rooms you want to air condition will also affect the cost. For instance, you might want to install multi-split systems – connecting multiple indoor units to one outdoor unit.
This lets you cool and heat more rooms. But installing multiple systems adds to the overall cost.
Air Conditioner Brand
Like any other product, different air conditioning makes and models have various price tags. So, choosing between brands will affect split system installation costs.
Are Split Systems Easy to Install?
Installing a split system air conditioner involves connecting an indoor unit to an outdoor unit with refrigerant piping, electrical wiring and a drainage system. Split systems are easier to install than ducted air conditioning systems.
Although the concept might seem straightforward, the installation process can be complex. Installing a split system air conditioner requires careful planning and execution to ensure the system operates efficiently and safely.
Professional Installation
Professional installation is the best option. We strongly recommend you get qualified and certified technicians to install your split system air conditioner.
Professional installers have the experience and expertise to handle all aspects of the installation, from mounting the units to ensuring proper electrical connections and refrigerant handling. They can also advise on the best location for the units to maximise efficiency and comfort.
Additionally, qualified technicians ensure compliance with local building codes and safety standards. Professional installation is vital for the system’s performance and a safe home.
Qualified air conditioning technicians handle…
- Unit Placement: One of the first challenges is finding the best positions for the indoor and outdoor units. The indoor unit should be placed in an area that allows optimal air distribution without obstructions. The outdoor unit must be positioned in a well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and other heat sources. Ensuring proper placement can be tricky, especially in homes with limited space or unique layouts.
- Wiring and Refrigerant Piping: Connecting the indoor and outdoor units involves running electrical wiring and refrigerant pipes between them. This task requires precision to avoid leaks and ensure the system operates correctly. In many cases, the piping needs to be routed through walls or ceilings, which can add to the complexity of the installation.
- Mounting and Securing Units: Properly securing the indoor and outdoor units is essential to prevent vibrations and noise. The indoor unit must be mounted securely on the wall, while the outdoor unit often requires a stable base or brackets to keep it off the ground. Additional structural support may be needed sometimes, complicating the installation.
- Testing and Calibration: Once installed, the system must be tested and calibrated to ensure it works correctly. This includes checking for refrigerant leaks, verifying the electrical connections and adjusting the system settings for optimal performance. These steps are crucial for ensuring the system’s longevity and efficiency.
How Long Do Split System Air Conditioners Last?
Split system air conditioners generally have a lifespan of around 10 years. Their lifespan can vary depending on several factors, though.
These include the quality of the unit, how often it’s used and the level of maintenance it gets. High-quality units from reputable brands like Mitsubishi Electric, Fujitsu and Haier typically last longer, particularly when well cared for.
Factors Affecting Longevity
Maintenance
Regular maintenance is crucial for extending the life of your split system air conditioner. This includes cleaning or replacing filters, checking for refrigerant leaks and ensuring efficient operation. Neglecting maintenance can lead to reduced efficiency, increased wear and tear and system failure.
Usage
How frequently you use your air conditioner also affects its lifespan. Units used extensively, especially in extreme climates, may wear out faster than ones used occasionally. Overuse can stress the compressor and other components, leading to earlier breakdowns.
Quality of the Unit
The quality of the air conditioner itself plays a significant role in how long it will last. Premium units from well-known manufacturers often have more durable materials and advanced technology, helping them last longer than cheaper, lower-quality alternatives.
Tips for Extending the Lifespan of the System
- Regular Servicing – Schedule regular servicing by a professional technician to keep your system running smoothly. This helps identify potential issues early and ensures peak performance.
- Proper Usage – Avoid overusing your air conditioner. Set the temperature to a reasonable level and use features like timers and programmable thermostats to manage usage effectively.
- Clean Filters – Regularly clean or replace the air filters to maintain good airflow and reduce strain on the system. Dirty filters can cause the system to work harder, increasing wear and tear.
- Monitor for Issues – Pay attention to any unusual noises, reduced cooling or heating performance, or other signs that something might be wrong. Address issues early and prevent worse problems down the line.
Ensuring your split system air conditioner is well-maintained helps extend its lifespan. You get reliable cooling and heating for many years.
How to Clean a Split System Air Conditioner
Regular cleaning and maintenance of your split system air conditioner are essential to keep it running efficiently and to ensure good air quality in your home.
Filter Cleaning
- Turn Off the Power: Switch the unit off before cleaning to prevent accidents.
- Remove the Filters: Open the front panel of the indoor unit and gently remove the air filters.
- Clean the Filters: Use a vacuum cleaner to remove dust and debris from the filters. Wash them with lukewarm water and a mild detergent if particularly dirty. Rinse thoroughly and allow them to dry completely before reinserting them into the unit.
- Reinstall the Filters: Once the filters are dry, slot them back into the unit and close the front panel.
Indoor Unit Cleaning
- Wipe Down the Exterior: Use a soft, damp cloth to wipe the exterior of the indoor unit. This helps remove dust and dirt that can accumulate on the surface.
- Clean the Louvres: Dust can build up on the air louvres, so gently clean them with a soft brush or cloth.
- Check for Blockages: Ensure that the drain and any other openings are free from blockages to prevent water leakage and ensure efficient operation.
Outdoor Unit Checks
- Clear Debris: Make sure the area around the outdoor unit is clear of leaves, dirt and other debris that could obstruct airflow. Regularly clean the exterior of the unit with a soft brush or cloth.
- Check the Fins: The fins on the outdoor unit can become bent or dirty over time. Carefully straighten any bent fins with a fin comb and clean them with a soft brush to maintain airflow.
- Inspect for Damage: Look for any visible signs of damage, such as rust or loose connections, and address these promptly to prevent further issues.
Importance of Professional Servicing
Regular cleaning is something you can do yourself. We also recommend getting professional split system air conditioner servicing at least once a year.
Professional technicians can:
- Deep Clean: They perform a more thorough cleaning of the internal components, which helps maintain the system’s efficiency and prolongs its lifespan.
- Inspect for Issues: Technicians identify and fix potential problems like refrigerant leaks, worn-out parts or electrical issues before they become major repairs.
- Optimise Performance: Regular professional servicing ensures your system performs at its best, keeping your home comfortable and energy bills low.
What’s the Difference Between Split System and Ducted Air Conditioning?
Split Systems
Split system air conditioners cool or heat individual rooms – with two “split” components: indoor and outdoor units.
The indoor unit is typically mounted on the wall. It has an evaporator coil and fan to blow cool or warm air into the room.
The outdoor unit has a compressor and condenser coil. It is installed outside the building and releases the absorbed heat into the external air.
The indoor and outdoor units are connected by refrigerant pipes. These facilitate cooling or heating, efficiently regulating the temperature in a specific area.
Ducted Systems
Ducted air conditioning usually has a central unit in your roof space. A network of ducts connects this unit to each room in your home.
Ducted air conditioning is more discreet than a split system. These systems also have zone control, allowing you to cool or heat certain zones of your home at a given time.
Ducted air conditioning is more complex to install. Also, ducted systems have a higher upfront cost.
Conclusion
We’ve covered the ins and outs of split system air conditioning. With split systems, you benefit from:
- Energy efficiency
- Quiet operation
- Flexibility
- Low cost
Split systems are relatively easy to install and are a great option if you want a cost-effective solution for specific areas in your home.
Are you considering installing split system air conditioning in your home or office?
Contact us today for help choosing the best split system for your unique needs.
